The Zen Record

Chan禪宗

Founded
6th century, traditionally
Descendant schools
CaodongLinji

The Chinese school of Buddhism that all Zen schools descend from. Tradition traces it to Bodhidharma; a monk of that name is first mentioned in 547, and Daoxuan’s biographies of eminent monks, compiled in the mid-seventh century, give the first accounts of him, Huike and Daoxin.

In time

Edo Japan
Kamakura Japan
Modern
Song China
Tang China
Chan
Dazu Huike487–593
Bodhidharmad. 6th century
Dayi Daoxin580–651
Daman Hongren601 or 602–674 or 675
Jianzhi Sengcand. 606
Huineng638–713
Layman Pangc. 740–early 9th century
Nanquan Puyuan748–835
Zhaozhou Congshen778–897
Deshan Xuanjian780 or 782–865
Moshan Liaoranb. 9th century

People counted in Chan, by lifespan. A dot: only the year of death is known.

Ancestors

All 14 people counted in Chan

Key texts

Jingde chuandeng lu景德傳燈錄
1004Classical Chineselineage record

The Chan lineage from the seven buddhas to the heirs of Fayan, fifty-two generations and 1,701 people, in thirty fascicles. Compiled by Daoyuan and presented to the Song court in 1004.

Recorded Sayings of Layman Pang龐居士語錄
9th centuryClassical Chineserecorded sayings

The sayings, verses and family stories of Layman Pang, his wife and his daughter Lingzhao, compiled by the governor Yu Di, at whose side Pang died.

Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch六祖壇經
c. 780Classical Chineserecorded sayings

The teachings attributed to Huineng. A shorter text survives in a manuscript from Dunhuang; the text catalogued here is Zongbao’s edition of 1291.

Tiansheng guangdeng lu天聖廣燈錄
preface 1036Classical Chineselineage record

The second of the Song lamp records, compiled by the layman Li Zunxu and presented to the court with an imperial preface dated 1036. It follows the Jingde chuandeng lu and gives the Linji line fuller coverage.

Xinxin ming信心銘
8th centuryClassical Chinesepoem

A poem on nonduality attributed to the third ancestor; the attribution is traditional, and the poem is probably later.

Record of Zhaozhou趙州錄
11th centuryClassical Chineserecorded sayings

Zhaozhou’s exchanges and sayings, in the text re-edited in the eleventh century by Chengti, abbot of Qixian on Mount Lu, as preserved in the Guzunsu yulu.

Teachers today

Living teachers are not yet listed. See Teachers for the criteria.

Sources

  • Yang Xuanzhi 楊衒之, Luoyang qielan ji 洛陽伽藍記 (Record of the Monasteries of Luoyang) (547) · link
  • Daoxuan 道宣, Xu gaoseng zhuan 續高僧傳 (Further Biographies of Eminent Monks) (645) · link
  • Daoyuan (comp.), Jingde chuandeng lu 景德傳燈錄 (1004) · link
  • Sōtōshū Shūmuchō (Administrative Headquarters of Sōtō Zen Buddhism), Glossary · link
  • Rinnō Gōgisho 臨黄合議所 (Joint Council of the Rinzai and Ōbaku Schools), Rinzaishū no rekishi 臨済宗の歴史 (History of the Rinzai school) · link

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